نشریه اصول بهداشت روانی
سال پانزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 59، پاییز 1392)

The most common problem that is introduced by unhappy couples is failure in developing communication. One of the most important successful factors in marital life is growth and emotional maturity. The purpose of this study has been to evaluate the effectiveness of communication skills training on the evolution of emotional maturity of female students on the eve of marriage.

This study is a clinical trial with pre-test and post-test plan along with control group. The research group included all female students on the eve of marriage (candidate and married) of Abarkouh universities in academic year 2010-2011. In this study sampling method was randomized، as the emotional maturity test was taken from 21-26 years old female students who were on the eve of marriage، then among of those were obtained test score between 89 and 106 (indicates unstable emotionally)، 30 persons were selected randomly and replaced in two groups، experimental and control group. Then the experimental group attended in 10 sections/90 minutes on communication skills training program. Tool used in this study was emotional maturity scale (EMS). After the education، the post-test was taken from the control and experimental group. Data of tests were analyzed by descriptive statistics and independent T-test.

Results showed that the communication skills training is effective on female students'' emotional maturity (P=0. 001).

Considering the importance of communication skills and emotional maturity in marriage of young people، holding educational courses for youth in order to better knowledge how to communicate with others، especially، before marriage can be useful.

Job stresses can increase the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in midwifery job، and reduce the efficiency and quality of their services. Therefore، this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of MSDs among midwives and to examine the relationship between job stress and the prevalence of MSDs in different regions their body.

This was descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study. The study population included all midwives working in public and private hospitals of Kerman in 2011. According to the research community، 74 midwives were selected as a sample of research، by Census method. For data collection، Standard Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and Altmeyer job stress questionnaire were used. The data were analyzed with descriptive and analytical statistics (Pearson correlation، t-test and Chi square test) methods by SPSS 16 software.

In this study 78. 4 % of subjects had experienced discomfort or pain in the past12 months at least in one body part. The most frequent symptoms of MSDs were observed in the three parts of body، feet with a frequency of 39. 2% (29 persons)، and knees and back each one 35. 1% (26 persons). Also in this study، the relationship between musculoskeletal disorders and job stress was dignificant (P<0. 05).

According to the resultof this research، it can be concludedthat job stresses can presumably intensify physical side effects includingmusculoskeletal disorders. Also the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in midwives under studied was high. Therefore، holding training courses about standard body postures while doing job tasks and avoiding inappropriate body posture will be important.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between optimism- pessimism and information processing styles; also، determining the contribution of these variables in the prediction of depression and life satisfaction in students. This investigation is a correlation and prediction study. 187 students of humanity and basic sciences (110 females and 77 males) from Payam-e-Noor University-Tabriz branch were randomly selected، with using stratified and multiple stage cluster sampling method. Information processing styles، depression، optimism-pessimism and life satisfaction questionnaires werecompleted by these students. The Pearson’s correlation test and Simultaneous or Standard multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the collected data. The results showed that there was negative and meaningful correlation between rationality information processing styles and optimism with depression، but the relationship between rationality and optimism with life satisfaction was positive and meaningful (P<0. 01). There was negative and meaningful correlation between life satisfaction and depression، but relationship between rationality and optimism was positive and meaningful (P<0. 01). The results of simultaneous multiple regression analysis showed that optimism and rationality variables were significant predictors for depression and life satisfaction. These variables in prediction of depression had a negative Beta value، but in prediction of life satisfaction had a positive Beta value. The contribution of optimism in prediction both of psychological adjustment measures was more than rationality information processing style. The present findings emphasized on the importance of optimism and rationality information processing style in the psychological adjustment understanding.

The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of group mindfulness based cognitive therapy and group cognitive-behavioral therapy on self-esteem of girl students. The present study is a clinical trial. The statistical population includes all first grade female students of public high schools in 2012 in Sarakhs. Participants were chosen by random selection method and randomly allocated in three groups. Two groups received cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness based cognitive therapy for 2 months (8 sessions of 2 hours) while the control group received no training at all. Data were collected by Cooper Smith self-esteem questionnaire scale which was given to the subjects before and after of the training. The collected data was put to one way variance analysis and Danken test. This study demonstrated that group mindfulness based cognitive therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in comparison to the control group had positive effects on the self-esteem improvement (F=21. 56، P<0. 0001) and both methods had equal effect in self-esteem improvement. Both cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness based cognitive therapy methods were found effective in increasing self-esteem.

Job burnout has imposed much expense on the institutes and employees، but religious beliefs and god attachment styles can change it. The aim of this study was the investigation of religious basic beliefs and god attachment styles as the predictors of job burnout. The statistic groups of this correlational-descriptive research were containing 300 employees of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences، which they were chosen with random sampling method. Data were gathered with Maslach job burnout questionnaire، Rajaee religious basic beliefs questionnaire and the questionnaire of god attachment styles measurement. Data were analyzed with SPSS 19 software، descriptive tests، Pierson correlation coefficient، Spearman t-test and multiple regressions. The relationship of religious basic beliefs (P=0. 000، r= -0. 3) and god attachment styles with the job burnout was negative and significant (P=0. 010، r= -0. 15) and the relationship between the religious basic beliefs and the god attachment styles was positive and significant (P=0. 000، r=0. 31). In regression model، the synchronous effect of religious basic beliefs and god attachment styles on the job burnout was confirmed (P=0. 000، F=18. 19). The job burnout between females and males showed a significant difference and the amount of this difference was more in females (P=0. 004). It seems that the religious basic beliefs and the god attachment styles can decrease the job burnout.

This study was done with the aim of the investigating the effect of group cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy and group cognitive behavioral therapy on increasing adolescents'' self-esteem. The research population (n= 250) of the current study was the adolescents living in a boarding school of Taibad city in 2012 academic year. using convenience sampling، the subjects were selected and asked to fill out copper smite self-esteem Inventory، and considering the cut-off point of less than 23، 30 adolescences with the lowest self-esteem were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The subjects of experimental groups took part in 8 two hours long sessions of group cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy and group cognitive behavioral therapy، respectively، while the ones of control group did not receive any training. At the end of this period، the subjects’ self-esteem was measured again and compared with pre-test. Data were analyzed with SPSS 19 software، descriptive statistics، covariance analysis and Bonferroni post-hoc analysis. ANCOVA test analysis indicated that theself-esteem score in the group cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy، in comparison with the control group، was significantly increased (P<0. 01). Although the group cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy، intervention resulted in greater esteem than the group cognitive behavioral therapy، but this increase was not significant. Both group cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy and group cognitive behavioral therapy can lead to increased self-esteem in adolescents، but the difference between these procedures is not significant.